Table of 10

How to say the table of 10

Ten one is 10, ten twos are 20, ten threes are 30, ten fours are 40, ten fives are 50, ten sixes are 60, ten sevens are 70, ten eights are 80, ten nines are 90, ten tens are 100.

In Hindi

दस एकम दस, दस दूनी बीस, दस तिया तीस, दस चौके चालीस, दस पंजे पचास, दस छक्के साठ, दस सत्ते सत्तर, दस अट्ठे अस्सी, दस नवें नब्बे, दस दहाई एक सौ।

This is the traditional chant used in Hindi-medium schools. The words for the multiplier (एकम, दूनी, तिया and so on) vary a little from region to region. All the pahade from 2 to 20 are on the Hindi pahade page.

A quick way to work it out

Every digit moves one place to the left and a zero fills the units place. So 10 × 7 = 70 and 10 × 46 = 460. Children often say "just add a zero", which works for whole numbers but fails for decimals: 10 × 2.5 is 25, not 2.50. Thinking of the digits moving one place is the habit that stays correct later.

Patterns in the table of 10

• Last digit. Every answer ends in 0, because 10 is a multiple of 10. The digits in front of the zero are simply the table of 1: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
• Odd and even. 10 is even, so every answer is even, whatever you multiply by.
• Digit totals. Add the digits of each answer until one digit is left. For the first nine answers you get 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9: every digit from 1 to 9, once each. This happens for every number that is not a multiple of 3.
• Steps of 10. Each answer is 10 more than the one above it. So if 10 × 7 slips your mind, take 10 × 6 = 60 and add 10 to get 70.
• Total of the first ten. Add the first ten answers and you get 550. That is 55 × 10, because 1 + 2 + 3 and so on up to 10 is 55.

How the table of 10 is built

10 is not prime: it can be written as 2 × 5. So its table can be built from a smaller one. For example 10 × 6 is 2 × 30, and 5 × 6 = 30, so the answer is 2 × 30 = 60. The square of 10 is 10 × 10 = 100. On a multiplication chart the squares lie on the diagonal line from top left to bottom right.

How much is really new? Because 10 × 3 is the same as 3 × 10, a child who already knows the tables below 10 has met most of this one. Up to × 10, only one fact is new: 10 × 10.

Where you meet 10

Our whole number system is built on tens: 10 ones make a ten, 10 tens make a hundred. There are 10 millimetres in a centimetre, and 10 rupee notes are counted with this table.

Division facts from this table

Every line gives a division fact for free. From 10 × 7 = 70 you know that 70 ÷ 10 = 7 and 70 ÷ 7 = 10. To divide a number by 10, look for it in the answers above: 90 is on line 9, so 90 ÷ 10 = 9. More on this in division from tables.

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All tables: 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30. Methods: table tricks.