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Keyboard guides

The program pages are lists. These guides explain the ideas that make the lists easier to learn and remember.

Start here

The 20 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know. Copy, paste, undo, find, save, select and switch windows. They work in almost every program, on Windows and Mac.

Keyboard shortcuts for moving and selecting text. One simple pattern, arrow keys with Ctrl and Shift, that works wherever you type. Probably the most useful page on the site for anyone who writes.

How to learn keyboard shortcuts and remember them. Three at a time, starting from what you do most. Also: how to find the shortcut for anything without a website.

Understanding the keyboard

Windows and Mac keyboards: which key is which. Ctrl and Command, Alt and Option, Delete and Backspace, and the everyday shortcuts side by side. For anyone who uses both, or has just switched.

The function keys F1 to F12 explained. What each usually does, and why on a laptop they may change the volume instead until you press Fn.

Ctrl + A to Ctrl + Z. The whole alphabet, with what each letter does in most programs and why those letters were chosen.

A task everyone needs

How to take a screenshot on Windows and Mac. Every method, which one to choose, where the picture goes, and what to check before sending it to someone.

A word on habits

Nobody learns shortcuts by reading. They are learnt by using three of them for a week until the fingers know them, and then three more. Each guide here is short enough to read in a few minutes. The learning happens afterwards, at your own keyboard, with a note stuck to the edge of the screen.

This is an independent reference site. It is not connected with Microsoft, Apple, Google or any other maker of the programs named here. Product names belong to their owners and are used only to say where a shortcut works. Programs change; if a shortcut does not work for you, check the program's own help.